A runny nose, sneezing and a scratchy throat can occur with both colds and allergies, which is why the two are often confused. Understanding the differences can help you choose the most appropriate treatment option and ensure you're effectively addressing your symptoms.

The clearest distinction is the cause. A cold is a viral infection, while allergies are an immune response to triggers such as pollen, dust mites, mould or animal dander. Hayfever, one of the most common types of allergy, is a frequent source of confusion with the common cold. According to Healthdirect, hayfever affects around one in five adults in Australia, making it one of the most common seasonal health concerns.

Signs and Symptoms of a Common Cold

A cold typically develops gradually and includes:
•    A sore or scratchy throat, often the first sign
•    Thicker nasal discharge that may change colour over the course of the illness
•    Mild fever or general fatigue
•    A cough that develops a few days in
•    Symptoms that usually improve within 7 to 10 days, although some may persist for longer

Signs and Symptoms of Allergies

Allergy symptoms tend to appear suddenly and include:
•    Itchy, watery or red eyes
•    Sneezing in bursts, along with an itchy nose or throat
•    A clear, runny nose
•    Symptoms that persist for as long as the trigger is present, with no fever

What Triggers Allergies?

Allergies are triggered by allergens rather than a virus. Common triggers include:
•    Pollen from grasses, weeds, trees and native wildflowers
•    Dust mites
•    Mould spores
•    Animal dander

For many people, allergy symptoms become more noticeable during spring when common triggers such as pollen are more widespread.

Managing Your Symptoms

The most appropriate treatment option depends on which condition you're dealing with.
Cold symptoms are generally managed with decongestants, cough relief and pain and fever medicines aimed at easing discomfort while the virus runs its course. You can browse Michael's Chemist's range of cold and flu relief products to explore suitable options.

Allergy symptoms are commonly managed with antihistamines, nasal sprays and eye drops. Michael's Chemist also stocks a range of allergy and hayfever products that may help manage these symptoms.

Not all products are suitable for everyone, particularly during pregnancy, alongside other medications, or if you're managing a condition such as asthma. A pharmacist can help you select an appropriate option for treatment. 

When to See a Doctor

Most colds and allergy symptoms can be managed with self-care measures and pharmacist advice. However, it's important to seek medical advice if your symptoms are severe, persist longer than expected, worsen over time, or are accompanied by a high fever or difficulty breathing.

Frequently Asked Questions

What's the Main Difference Between a Cold and Allergies?
A cold is caused by a virus and typically resolves within one to two weeks, often with a sore throat and mild fever. Allergies are an immune response to a trigger such as pollen. They often involve itchy, watery eyes and can persist for as long as the trigger is present.

Can You Have a Cold and Allergies at the Same Time?
Yes, it's possible to experience both together, particularly during the change of seasons. A pharmacist can help you work through overlapping symptoms if you're unsure what you're dealing with.

Why Do My Allergy Symptoms Get Worse in Spring?
For many people, allergy symptoms become more noticeable during spring when common triggers such as pollen are more widespread.

Do Allergy Symptoms Ever Include a Fever?
No. A fever generally points to an infection such as a cold or flu rather than an allergic reaction and is one of the more reliable ways to distinguish between the two.

When Should I See a Doctor Instead of Managing Symptoms Myself?
Medical advice should be sought if symptoms are severe, persistent, worsening, or accompanied by difficulty breathing or a high fever.

Speak With a Pharmacist

Michael's Chemist has been supporting Perth communities with trusted healthcare advice and pharmacy services for decades. Whether you're managing seasonal allergies or a common cold, our pharmacists can help you make informed decisions about your care.

Sources

Healthdirect Australia, Hay fever

Always read the label and follow the directions for use. If symptoms persist, talk to your pharmacist or doctor.